Kamis, 07 April 2011

ARTIKEL ACTIVE DAN PASSIVE

Creating Balance In Our Child's Life

I am making a passionate plea to parents and teachers who believe that schooling is the alpha and omega of a child’s life. Often, schools have convinced students and parents that a child’s focus must exclusively be centered on academic concerns during every waking hour.

This is not a question of whether a quality academic program plays an integral role in the life of our children. However, do parents and teachers understand the necessity of creating a climate so that children are able to find balance in their lives? Schooling, as important as it is, should not be the only focus of a child’s daily lifestyle. There should be more to a child’s life than teaching, learning, and the reaction of parents to a child’s academic performance.

Ironically, children who have a well-balanced schedule of non-academic activities are more likely to experience school success. Sometimes, the pressure that schools or parents apply in the pursuit of academic excellence can actually create a cycle of school failure.

During my school counseling years, kids would come to visit me and share their horror stories about being consumed with homework, which took precedence over other meaningful activities such as dance, karate, sports, and family-time. Their parents would be confused or angry at the school, but would keep their feelings to themselves. Instead they would comply with the school’s request by policing their children as they plodded along in the process of completing an exhausting regime of homework. School work became the primary priority at home. To make matters worse, the parents felt obligated to remove social activities from the life of their children as a consequence for school performance problems. This pattern has not changed since I left the school system.

I believe that poor school performance should never be used to activate negative consequences which exclude youngsters from other valued activities. Instead, positive reinforcement by parents and teachers, along with meaningful, reasonable goals for students, should be implemented as motivators to bolster student achievement. Removing a child’s need for social outlets as a consequence for school failure should be eliminated. An incredible number of power-struggles that emerge between a parent and child are waged over the issue of school performance. Parents feel pressure to remove all other activities from a child’s life. This self-defeating strategy further erodes the parent-child relationship and fosters more animosity as the child views his life as nothing more than a microcosm of the world of education. Invariably, the child will offer the parents “pay-backs” in the form of poorly done or unfinished school work.

How can schools and parents promote a sense of balance in the lives of our children while encouraging academic excellence?
Create involvement with children apart from the issue of schooling.
Ask children to make value judgments about the quality of their school performance rather than teachers and parents lecturing, moralizing and pontificating.
Separate the issue of school performance from other aspects of a child’s life.
Use positive reinforcement techniques to foster better school performance.
Teachers can change their concept of homework, making it non-compulsory. If homework is given, it should be meaningful, reasonable in length, and reflect quality.
Maintaining a child’s social activities is important. This may include hobbies, sports, club activities, family and social time. Daniel Goleman, author of Emotional Intelligence, indicates that employers are looking for students who have been educated in social relationships, team loyalty, problem-solving, and conflict resolution. These skills cannot be learned if a child is one-dimensional in his life activities and lacks balance.
Schools need to re-think the manner in which they educate students. Civility, moral education, volunteer service, affective education, and cooperative learning need to be stressed along with the 3R’s.
Parents need to encourage their children to involve themselves in a wide range of activities. Such an emphasis will develop the “whole child” and make children more open to the responsibilities of schooling.

Teachers and parents need to work together to assist our children in pursuing a well-balanced lifestyle. The issue of school performance should be separated from a child’s other life activities. If teachers and parents promote quality education, promote a strong sense of involvement with children, and encourage children’s performance with positive reinforcement, an appropriate lifestyle balance can be maintained.

Jumat, 18 Maret 2011

ACTIVE DAN PASSIVE

Berikut contoh-contoh kalimat aktif yang dirubah menjadi kalimat pasif dalam bentuk tenses :
1) Simple present
Aktif
John bites Mary
John doesn’t bite Mary
Does John bite Mary?
What does John do?
Who bites Mary?
Who does John bite?
Pasif
Mary is bitten by John
Mary isn’t bitten by John
Is Mary bitten by John?
What is done by John?
Who is Mary bitten by?
Who is bitten by John?
2) Simple continuous
Aktif
John is biting Mary
John isn’t biting Mary
Is John biting Mary?
What is John doing?
Who is biting Mary?
Who is John biting?
Pasif
Mary is being bitten by John
Mary isn’t being bitten by John
Is Mary being bitten by John?
What is being done by John?
Who is Mary being bitten by?
Who is being bitten by John?
3) Present perfect
Aktif
John has bitten Mary
John hasn’t bitten Mary
Has John bitten Mary?
What has John done?
Who has bitten Mary?
Who has John bitten?
Pasif
Mary has been bitten by John
Mary hasn’t been bitten by John
Has Mary been bitten by John?
What has been done by John?
Who has Mary been bitten by?
Who has been bitten by John?
4) Present perfect continuous
Aktif
John has been biting Mary
John hasn’t been biting Mary
Has John been biting Mary?
What has John been doing?
Who has been biting Mary?
Who has John been biting?
Pasif
Mary has been being bitten by John
Mary hasn’t been being bitten by John
Has Mary been being bitten by John?
What has been being done by John?
Who has Mary been being bitten by?
Who has been being bitten by John?
5) Simple past
Aktif
John bit Mary
John didn’t bite Mary
Did John bite Mary?
What did John do?
Who bit Mary?
Who did John bite?
Pasif
Mary was bitten by John
Mary wasn’t bitten by John
Was Mary bitten by John?
What was done by John?
Who was Mary bitten by?
Who was bitten by John?
6) Past continuous
Aktif
John was biting Mary
John wasn’t biting Mary
Was John biting Mary?
What was John doing?
Who was biting Mary?
Who was John biting?
Pasif
Mary was being bitten by John
Mary wasn’t being bitten by John
Was Mary being bitten by John?
What was being done by John?
Who was Mary being bitten by?
Who was being bitten by John?
7) Past perfect
Aktif
John had bitten Mary
John hadn’t bitten Mary
Had John bitten Mary?
What had John done?
Who had bitten Mary?
Who had John bitten?
Pasif
Mary had been bitten by John
Mary hadn’t been bitten by John
Had Mary been bitten by John?
What had been done by John?
Who had Mary been bitten by?
Who had been bitten by John?
8) Past perfect continuous
Aktif
John had been biting Mary
John hadn’t been biting Mary
Had John been biting Mary?
What had John been doing?
Who had been biting Mary?
Who had John been biting?
Pasif
Mary had been being bitten by John
Mary hadn’t been being bitten by John
Had Mary been being bitten by John?
What had been being done by John?
Who had Mary been being bitten by?
Who had been being bitten by John?
9) Future
Aktif
John will bite Mary
John won’t bite Mary
Will John bite Mary?
What will John do?
Who will bite Mary?
Who will John bite?
Pasif
Mary will be bitten by John
Mary won’t be bitten by John
Will Mary be bitten by John?
What will be done by John?
Who will Mary be bitten by?
Who will be bitten by John?
10) Future continuous
Aktif
John will be biting Mary
John won’t be biting Mary
Will John be biting Mary?
What will John be doing?
Who will be biting Mary?
Who will John be biting?
Pasif
Mary will be being bitten by John
Mary won’t be being bitten by John
Will Mary be being bitten by John?
What will be being done by John?
Who will Mary be being bitten by?
Who will be being bitten by John?
11) Future perfect
Aktif
John will have bitten Mary
John won’t have bitten Mary
Will John have bitten Mary?
What will John have done?
Who will have bitten Mary?
Who will John have bitten?
Pasif
Mary will have been bitten by John
Mary won’t have been bitten by John
Will Mary have been bitten by John?
What will have been done by John?
Who will Mary have been bitten by?
Who will have been bitten by John?
12) Future perfect continuous
Aktif
John will have been biting Mary
John won’t have been biting Mary
Will John have been biting Mary?
What will John have been doing?
Who will have been biting Mary?
Who will John have been biting?
Pasif
Mary will have been being bitten by John
Mary won’t have been being bitten by John
Will Mary have been being bitten by John?
What will have been being done by John?
Who will Mary have been being bitten by?
Who will have been being bitten by John?
Kata-kata kerja transitif kadang-kadang mempunyai arti pasif walaupun bentuk kalimatnya adalah aktif :
a) Dengan komplemen
Sugar tastes sweet (pasif: sugar is sweet when it is tasted). Gula manis rasanya (gula manis bila
dirasakan)
b) Tanpa komplemen
The books is printing (pasif: the book is being printed). Buku itu sedang dicetak
The cows are milking (pasif: the cows are being milked). Sapi-sapi itu sedang diperah
Kesimpulan :


TENSES
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Simple Present
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Past Tense
Past Continuous
Simple Future
Be going to
Past perfect
Future perfect
Mary
Mary
Mary
Mary
Mary
Mary
Mary Mary
Mary
Helps
is helping
has helped
helped
was helping
will help
is going to help
had helped
will have helped
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
is helped
is being helped
has been helped
was helped
was being helped
will be helped
is going to be helped
had been helped
will have been helped
by Mary
by Mary
by Mary
by Mary
by Mary
by Mary
by Mary
by Mary
by Mary








Perhatian: Semua bentuk pasif verbnya menggunakan bentuk ketiga (V3)