My Autobiography

My name is Igan Dwiyawan, I was born in Jakarta, 15 June 1992, It means that I’m 21 years old right now, I was the second child of 5 children, My religion Islam of course, I live in Jakarta, precisely Pondok Kelapa Duren sawit East Jakarta.

My elementary school SDN 01 Pondok Kelapa graduated in 2003, my junior high school in the SMP 195 Jakarta, my high school SMAN Perguruan Rakyat 2 Jakarta, and now currently pursuing an undergraduate at the University Gunadarma . My hobbies are playing football and watch anime.  

My future plans, I will first finish my studies at university Gunadarma. and maybe after that I want to work.

Indonesian Arms Industry Seeks to Drum Up Business

While the Indonesian government is snubbing the Singapore Airshow this week, the country’s main military manufacturer is using it as an opportunity for a coming-out party, with staff members in orange flight suits courting potential buyers.

The showing for the state-owned manufacturer, Indonesian Aerospace, which almost collapsed after the 1997-98 Asian financial crisis, represents a new sense of optimism that has not been seen in the country’s domestic military sector since the 1980s.

“I think they’ve been doing good just to sustain their operations and production in recent years,” said Lis Gindarsah, a military analyst at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Indonesia’s military industry nearly collapsed in the late 1990s, when the nation’s economy contracted a staggering 16 percent, leading to sharp budget and work force cuts by Indonesian military and aviation manufacturers. The Indonesian military also suffered when the United States imposed a ban on arms sales to the country after gross human rights violations by its military in East Timor in 1999.

The ban was not fully lifted until 2010 and exposed the need for Indonesia’s military to get up to speed.

A major reason for the comeback now is Indonesia’s president, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, who vowed to modernize the country’s military and has nearly quadrupled the state arms budget to more than $8 billion since taking office in 2004. Under a 2012 law pushed by the president, the Indonesian military, known as the T.N.I., must buy all of its weaponry, with some exceptions, from domestic contractors, both state-owned and private.

International events like the Singapore Airshow, Asia’s largest air show, are providing more opportunities for Indonesian military contractors to sell both military and civilian hardware.

Indonesian Aerospace, also known as Dirgantara Indonesia, has been promoting its $26 million-plus CN-235 maritime patrol aircraft for antisubmarine warfare at Singapore’s exhibition, from which Indonesia withdrew over a diplomatic spat. On Wednesday, the company signed a collaboration agreement with Airbus Helicopters to promote and sell aircraft in Southeast Asia and carry out maintenance for their users, said Budiman Saleh, the Indonesian Aerospace director for commerce and restructuring.

“We are working closely with our friends from European countries and the United States to win some sales campaigns in this region,” Mr. Budiman said.

Indonesian Aerospace is proceeding with plans this year to build fighter aircraft jointly with South Korea. And although it had yet to close any deals this week, the government agreed last month to sell two multipurpose aircraft to the Philippine Air Force for 813 million pesos, or $18.1 million, with a further six in the pipeline, he said.

“We are now doing great as a result of the restructuring of the company’s balance sheet, equity, business operation, product portfolio and many other reasons,” Mr. Budiman said.

Although the Indonesian armed forces will account for about 80 percent of all purchases of locally produced weaponry, the country’s National Police will also be a buyer, and hopes are high for more regional buyers, Sjafrie Sjamsoeddin, Indonesia’s deputy defense minister, said in an interview.

The company and the industry are coming back from the brink with help from Mr. Yudhoyono. A retired three-star army general, he made military spending a priority.

Indonesia’s military industry has had a rocky history, including periods during which it was run by Dutch and Japanese colonialists. In the late 1990s, when military and aviation manufacturers cut back, Indonesian Aerospace shut down most of its assembly lines in Bandung, the capital of West Java Province, and laid off about 12,000 workers.

Another state-run arms manufacturer, Pindad, which makes weapons and ammunition including bullets, machine guns and armored personnel carriers, lost more than one-third of its work force. Today the machinery at its plant, also in Bandung, looks much as it did during the 1980s.

The ban on arms sales revealed problems with Indonesia’s military. Among them was that many of its C-130 transport planes, built by the giant American company Lockheed Martin, were grounded because the military was unable to buy spare parts.

“The conclusion was that we had to revitalize our defense industries,” Mr. Sjafrie said. “For years we had an embargo; we don’t want to repeat history again.”

While Indonesia itself is not participating in the Singapore show, international events like it are helping to showcase Indonesian military contractors.

The companies must meet requirements set by the government — like meeting budgets and maintaining technical capabilities — and in exchange, Jakarta promotes them at shows and in the course of bilateral relations with other countries, Mr. Sjafrie said.

The Indonesian government in 2012 also injected a combined 3 trillion rupiah, or about $250 million, into Indonesian Aerospace and the state-owned ship builder PAL Indonesia, based in the eastern Java port city of Surabaya, for factory upgrades and to turn debts into equity. The hope is that the policy overhaul will bring new and expanded business to the domestic arms industry. Pindad, for example, booked a profit of 80 billion rupiah in 2012 and was projecting a profit of 90 billion rupiah for 2013.

“I think it’s a good chance for the defense industry,” said Wahyu Utomo, Pindad’s director. “We can manage our resources and our money, if we know the long-term spending program of the T.N.I. It’s become our guidance.”

Under Mr. Yudhoyono’s military policy, a special committee was formed in 2013 to coordinate domestic production for the military, in particular manufacture of combat and special-use vehicles, warships and submarines, fixed-wing and rotary aircraft, and light and heavy weaponry.

Indonesian military contractors are also producing or negotiating agreements with military suppliers from several countries on joint production of weaponry so Indonesia can gain access to advanced technology. Potential projects include production of submarines with Daewoo Shipbuilding of South Korea, a medium tank with FNSS Savunma Sistemleri of Turkey, antiship missiles with the Aviation Industry Corporation of China, and vehicle-fixed rocket launchers with MBDA of France.

Late last year, Pindad completed assembly of 11 Panser armored vehicles whose parts were manufactured by Doosan Infracore of South Korea, in a deal worth $169 million.

Pindad officials said they were hoping to sign an agreement this year with AM General, the American heavy vehicle manufacturer that produces the HMMWV, or Humvee, to supply components to Indonesia.

The Malaysian armed forces are negotiating to buy 32 armored personnel carriers from Pindad for $10 million and $14 million each, and the Brunei military is also interested in buying, Mr. Sjafrie said.

It remains to be seen whether Indonesia’s military industry revitalization policy will have any measurable effect on the country’s economy — which is already the 16th-largest in the world, thanks to commodities exports and domestic consumption — or on local regions with arms production plants, including Bandung, Surabaya, Batam Island in western Indonesia and Banyuwangi in East Java Province.

The country, which has a population of 240 million people, spends less on the military than Singapore, which has five million people.

“Made in Indonesia” weaponry and joint production agreements still cannot meet all of the Indonesian military’s needs, however.

The government gave its Defense Ministry a $5.5 billion credit to buy advanced weaponry from multiple — and at times competing — foreign sources, including 119 Leopard tanks from Germany, submarines from Russia and eight Apache attack helicopters from the United States in a tentative deal announced in August 2013.

The military budget also allocated money to upgrade 24 F-16 fighters given to Indonesia by the United States and five C-130 aircraft from Australia.

Reference :
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/14/business/international/indonesian-arms-industry-seeks-to-drum-up-business.html?_r=1

Passive Voice

kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian, sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.

Contoh Passive Voice (Kalimat Passive)

ACTIVE:         Jane helps Tina. (Artinya: Jane menolong Tina)

PASSIVE:       Tina is helped by Jane. (Artinya: Tina ditolong oleh Jane)

Pada kalimat pasif, Object dari kalimat aktif (Tina) berubah menjadi Subject.

Merubah Active Voice (Kalimat Aktif) ke dalam bentuk Passive Voice (Kalimat Pasif)

Tenses	ACTIVE	PASSIVE
Simple Present	Jane helps Tina.	Tina is helped by Jane.
Present Progressive	Jane is helping Tina.	Tina is being helped by Jane.
Present Perfect	Jane has helped Tina.	Tina has been helped by Jane.
Simple Past	Jane helped Tina.	Tina was helped by Jane.
Past Progressive	Jane was helping Tina.	Tina was being helped by Jane.
Past Perfect	Jane had helped Tina.	Tina had been helped by Jane.
Simple Future	Jane will help Tina.	Tina will be helped by Jane.
To Be Going To	Jane is going to help Tina.	Tina is going to be helped by Jane.
Future Perfect	Jane will have helped Tina.	Tina will have been helped by Jane.

(Bentuk Progressive/ Continuous dari Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Future, dan Future Perfect sangat jarang digunakan dalam bentuk kalimat pasif)

Object Tak Langsung Sebagai Subject Pasif

Contoh:

ACTIVE:         Someone gave Mrs. Grim an award.

PASSIVE:       Mrs. Grim was given an award by someone.

ACTIVE:         Someone gave an award to Mrs. Grim.

PASSIVE:       An award was given to Mrs. Grim.

Direct Object (Object Langsung): Sesuatu. Indirect Object (Object tak langsung): yang menerima sesuatu. Contoh 4 kalimat di atas semuanya mempunyai makna yang sama. Mrs. Grim: sebagai object tak langsung (Indirect Object), dan an award: sebagai object langsung (Direct Object). Baik Object langsung  ataupun Object tak langsung bisa menjadi Subject dalam bentuk kalimat pasif. CATATAN: Ketika object langsung menjadi subject, frase “to” biasanya digunakan didepan atau sebelum object tak langsung (lihat contoh kalimat ke 4).

Contoh: 
Active : We fertilize the soil every 6 months
Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months


Dari contoh ini dapat kita lihat bahwa:

1. Object dari active voice (the soil) menjadi subject dari passive voice
2. Subject dari active voice (we) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject pronoun ‘we’ menjadi object pronoun ‘us’.
3. Verb1 (fertilize) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (fertilized) pada passive voice.
4. Ditambahkannya be ‘is’ di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan. (Perhatikan pola-pola passive voice di bawah).
5. Ditambahkannya kata ‘by’ di belakang verb3. Namun, jika object dari passive voice dianggap tidak penting atau tidak diketahui, maka object biasanya tidak dikemukakan dan begitu pula kata ‘by’.
6. Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi. Perhatikan contoh-contoh pada poin h – o di bawah.

Berdasarkan keenam poin di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:
Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier


Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis 

a. Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.

Contoh:
Active    : He meets them everyday.

Passive  : They are met by him everyday.

Active    : She waters this plant every two days.

Passive  : This plant is watered by her every two days.

b. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah was atauwere

Contoh:
 Active    : He met them yesterday

Passive  : They were met by him yesterday

Active    : She watered this plant this morning

Passive  : This plant was watered by her this morning

c. Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’
Contoh:
Active    : He has met them

Passive  : They have been met by him

Active    : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.

Passive  : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.

d. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been

Contoh:
Active    : He had met them before I came.

Passive  : They had been met by him before I came.

Active    : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here

Passive  : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here

e. Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be
Contoh:
Active    : He will meet them tomorrow.

Passive  : They will be met by him tomorrow.

Active    : She will water this plant this afternoon.

Passive  : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon.

Active    : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week

Passive  : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.

f. Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’
Contoh:
Active    : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.

Passive  : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.

Active   : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.

Passive  : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.

g. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahbeen yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’.
Contoh:
Active    : He would have met them.

Passive  : They would have been met by him.

Active    : She would have watered this plant.

Passive  : This plant would have been watered by her.

h. Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being.

Contoh:
Active    : He is meeting them now.

Passive  : They are being met by him now.

Active    : She is watering this plant now.

Passive  : This plant is being watered by her now.

i. Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (wasatau were) + being.

Contoh:
Active    : He was meeting them.

Passive  : They were being met by him.

Active    : She was watering this plant.

Passive  : This plant was being watered by her.

j. Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being.

Contoh:
Active    : He has been meeting them.

Passive  : They have been being met by him.

Active    : She has been watering this plant.

Passive  : This plant has been being watered by her.

k. Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah had been + being.

Contoh:
Active    : He had been meeting them.

Passive  : They had been being met by him.

Active    : She had been watering this plant.

Passive  : This plant had been being watered by her.

l. Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahwill be + being.

Contoh:
Active    : He will be meeting them.

Passive  : They will be being met by him.

Active    : She will be watering this plant.

Passive  : This plant will be being watered by her.

m. Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would be + being.

Contoh:
Active    : He would be meeting them.

Passive  : They would be being met by him.

Active    : She would be watering this plant.

Passive   : This plant would be being watered by her.

n. Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will have been + being.

Contoh:
Active    : He will have been meeting them.

Passive  : They will have been being met by him.

Active    : She will have been watering this plant.

Passive  : This plant will have been being watered by her.

o. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would have been + being.

Contoh:
Active    : He would be meeting them.

Passive  : They would be being met by him.

Active    : She would be watering this plant.

Passive  : This plant would be being watered by her.

Contoh-contoh yang lain:

1. Koko’s nose is bleeding. He was punched by his friend right on his nose. (Hidung Koko sedang berdarah. Dia dipukul oleh temannya tepat di hidungnya).
2. The Indonesian football team was beaten by the Saudi Arabian team. (Team sepakbola Indonesia dikalahkan oleh team arab Saudi).
3. These plants were watered by my sister a few minutes ago. (Tanaman-tanaman ini disirami oleh adikku beberapa menit yang lalu).
4. There is no meal left. All has been devoured by Yeyes. (Tidak ada makan yang tersisa. Semuanya telah dilahap habis oleh Yeyes).
5. English is studied by all high school students. (Bahasa Inggris dipelajari oleh semua murid sekolah menengah lanjutan (SMP dan SMA)

Referensi:
http://yueziruwan.blogspot.com/2014/03/passive-voice.html 

Buku :

PT Bhuana Ilmu Populer  Kelompok Gramedia  Jakarta , 2010

            Advanced English Grammar for TOEFL Preparation Oleh Hotben D.

            English Grammar, Oleh Henricus Budi H. 

IDI Supono, 2007, BBC ENGLISH GRAMMAR : Tata Bahasa Inggris Lengkap.